Approaching the editor for permission to republish the stories, Porter was so diffident that he offered to write the World a free story in return for the favor he was asking: an offer which was naturally declined by an editor accustomed to granting such permission as a matter of course. In the following excerpt, Langford offers a summary of events surrounding the publication of The Four Million, the collection including the story "After Twenty Years.". Interestingly enough, O. Henry did not include in this collection certain stories written and published during this same period, considering them, evidently, unsuited to the collection as a whole. His conclusions—they are O. Henry's and no one else's. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the reach of the U.S. government had extended to the Pacific coast, with California becoming a state in 1850. The first surprise for readers is that the person walking beside Bob at the end is not his old friend Jimmy. But for briskness, sympathy, and humor of characterization, O. Henry has few peers. The note that he sends Bob might not help a criminal understand a police officer's sense of civic duty, but it does show Bob that turning him in is not an easy decision for Jimmy. "Settling the West," Web site of the New York Public Library, http://www.nypl.org/west/hw_settl.shtml (accessed August 20, 2008). There are few explanations, the surprise comes quickly, and the story is finished. The terseness of the narrative and descriptive commentary is naturally compensated for by the dynamism and concreteness of speech in the dialogues. Although this plot twist seems to come from nowhere, however, it is the most satisfying because of the way that O. Henry springs it on his readers. The Morning Mars is a newspaper; there is a Minerva Magazine. Unlike Mark Twain, O. Henry does not deal in straight humor; in his hands anecdote constantly turns into parody, into play on form, into material for literary irony—precisely the shape regeneration of a genre takes. He does most of the talking. O. Henry recognized no rigid, unalterable laws of structure: the story was the thing, and there was a best method of telling each story. "After Twenty Years" takes place on a street in New York City around the turn of the twentieth century. The Terrorist (story). This story is featured in our collection of Short-Short Stories to read when you have five minutes to spare. Others see his longevity as a sign that Porter was such a keen observer of the human condition that time could only dim, but not erase, the impact of his talent. When he is first mentioned in the story, the man later identified as Jimmy is described as twirling his nightstick expertly, establishing that he has been a policeman for a considerable length of time. His wit was urban, sophisticated, individual…. The real Jimmy has apparently briefed him on the situation: the officer mentions the restaurant that they were to meet at, the plan to have dinner there once again, and the fact that Bob has been living in the West. A little divergence from reality is sometimes necessary for an author to make a point. Therefore, the problem is not that O. Henry uses an artificial situation to make a point but that he does not have any particular point to make. This story takes place in the first years of the twentieth century. 15 Mar. Fingerprinting, which uses traits that are unique to the individual, is introduced to the United States in 1906. But since he seldom assumes complete omniscience, it is rare that he attempts any psychological analysis. He and I were raised here in New York, just like two brothers, together. ", Latin makes a contribution. His father was a physician. Bob explains why he is there, and Jimmy, who needs no explanation, listens for a while. The Midwest was built by immigrant labor during the Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century, and the Great Plains were known as a land of widely dispersed, lonely farms. Finally, he became a reporter. The elucidation was unnecessary, for his stories plainly evince such workmanship. He was a slave to the dictionary. ["Compliments of the Season"] There is no need to multiply examples—the reader of O. Henry cannot fail to notice them. In "After Twenty Years," readers can look back after reaching the last line and feel that the clues to the shift in situation are there all along: O. Henry has the policeman show up at the same time that Jimmy Wells was expected, and he has Bob mention the fact that he has scrabbled to make his fortune in the West. There are three twists in "After Twenty Years," working with varying degrees of success. By comparison, the final plot twist is weak; it is somewhat unexpected, but just not very interesting. 'After Twenty Years' is a short story by O.Henry about two best friends, Jimmy Wells and Bob, who decide to go down different paths and make a pact to meet at the same place after twenty years. Realizing this, O. Henry had planned a series of new stories. In Mexico, "The mountains reached up their bulky shoulders to receive the level gallop of Apollo's homing steeds." However pleasing such allusions may be when they are penned, they fail to interest succeeding generations. Short Stories An editorial writer "lopped off the heads of the political hydra." In the following essay, Echols identifies various classical allusions that O. Henry used in his short stories. For instance, when describing a city, he says: "Though the dusk of twilight was hardly yet apparent, lights were beginning to spangle the city like pop-corn bursting in a deep skillet." Though his time in the West has obviously changed Bob in some ways, he is willing to forget his current status briefly in the memory of his old friendship. At this time in the nation's history, the West was already shrouded in mythology as an open, untamed land where people with no social prospects could go, build fortunes, and create new personalities for themselves. He moved in 1902 and began publishing stories frequently in all of the top magazines. Photographic equipment is only owned by photographers, and pictures must be sent through the mail. When he first appears in this story, Bob seems to have a sinister presence: he is standing in the shadows of a store that is closed, on a street that is deserted. But, Rollins noted, "taste changes and, what is more pertinent, slang itself changes, so that his constant use of slang will some day count heavily against him." He was found guilty of embezzling and on March 25, 1898, began a three-year sentence in an Ohio prison. If necessary, O. Henry's claim to permanence in American literature could be based, like Poe's, on his mastery of the short-story form, for in this respect no other American writer has excelled him. His writing is studded with metaphors but only for the purpose of disconcerting or amusing the reader with the unexpectedness of the comparisons made—a surprise of a literary nature: their material is not traditional and usually runs counter to the "literary norm," downgrading the object of comparison and upsetting the stylistic inertia. Still, after a hundred years, he maintains a strong fan base. He should be judged only by the short-story standard. Source: Gerald Langford, "Chapter 11," in Alias O. Henry: A Biography of William Sydney Porter, The Macmillan Company, 1957, pp. Jimmy Wells also takes the bond of his old friendship with Bob seriously. O. Henry's characters often behave in a way not usual in books, and this oddity of behavior is also sometimes underscored by the author himself. Himself Climax A plain clothes policeman appears and introduces himself to the man in the doorway as his friend, Jimmy Wells. In the last decade of his life and in the years following his death in 1910, O. Henry, the pen name chosen by William Sydney Porter, was a household name throughout the United States. But he has other admirable traits: his frank individuality, his genuine democracy, his whole-souled optimism, his perennial humor, his sympathetic treatment of characteristic American life are irresistible. 2, Spring 1914, pp. "These sketches of New York life are among the best things put together in many a day," the Critic said. The plainclothes officer, not given a name in this story, is sent to trick the criminal known by the Chicago police as "Silky" Bob by pretending that he is Jimmy Wells. His stories are customarily short: not many run over three thousand words, and the majority contain about two thousand. Fifteen story-titles have classical overtones. objected Hetty. It was packed with world-knowledge, designed to delight the woman of thirty, not of twenty, and yet I never heard him tell a story even faintly risqué. Exposition Exposition Rising Action The characters 'Jimmy Wells' Frequently we find in O. Henry an attitude of outright irony toward one or another literary style, an irony which has the effect of bringing his own principles into the open. • "It ought to have more water in it," said Hetty; "The stew, I mean. The weeks march along with "‘Tempus fugit’ on their banners" and two friends in the tropics help along "old tempus fugit with rum and ice and limes." And although I cannot consider O. Henry great, because of the limitations previously mentioned, yet I do believe that he will always be counted as one of the best American writers of the short story…. Yes, Bob is a criminal, but, judging by the nickname "Silky," he is probably not a violent criminal. He had stories published in McClure's and the Outlook, writing under the name O. Henry to hide his true identity. Email: [email protected] Abstract "After Twenty Years" is a short story written by William Sydney Porter whose pen name is O. Henry. 22, No. DIED: 1916, Beaumont-Hamel, France Friendship is at the heart of "After Twenty Years." The 375 serious allusions in his short stories vary from the obvious and casual to references which assume a rather advanced classical knowledge for full comprehension. In "Let Me Feel Your Pulse," he even names names. The impressiveness was habitual and not for show, for spectators were few. Children play "crack-the-whip," not for the fun of the long preliminary run, but for the excitement of the final sharp twist that throws them off their feet. ." This goes to prove that even though O. Henry pokes fun at all rules, he obeys them in the fundamental particulars. "Omne mundus in duas partes divisum est—men who wear rubbers and pay poll-taxes, and men who discover new continents." 197-209. At the time of their last meal together, the man continues, he was eighteen years old and his friend Jimmy was twenty. The American short-story writer William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym O. Henry, pioneered in picturing the lives…, Saki Where many writers would waste three hundred words in a vain attempt to catalogue features so as to put an image of a character in one's mind, O. Henry can in twenty five words paint a clear, unforgettable picture. In "After Twenty Years," readers do not discover that Bob is a criminal until the last few lines of the story, when he is arrested. In a more artistic story, these issues would be acknowledged and explored, even if the author did not want to provide any simple answers. Among the names are Septimius, Telemachus, Caligula, Artemisia, Aglaia, Calliope, Amaryllis, and the aptly-chosen Uncle Caesar of "A Municipal Report." He could have arrested Bob the minute that he approached him. He goes on to light his cigar and tell the officer why he and his friend are meeting at such a dark and desolate place. Jimmy's note, reproduced in the story's last paragraph, explains his moral situation: he still has a lingering emotional attachment to his old friend, but he also is responsible for upholding the law. 1906: O. Henry names the collection that this story comes from The Four Million in reference to the four million people crowding New York City. O. Henry was born William Sydney Porter in Greensboro, North Carolina, on September 11, 1862. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Many of O. Henry's stories appeared in newspapers before being anthologized in collections under his name. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. There are some very good reasons to admire O. Henry's writing. "But in New York you must either be a New Yorker or an invader of a modern Troy, concealed in the wooden horse of your own conceited provincialism. Before the officer can begin to question him, the man assures him that he is not a burglar, that he is mer… "After Twenty Years" takes place on a street in New York City around the turn of the twentieth century. Jimmy's dilemma is only engaging in theory and lacks true emotional impact. In symbolism and color his slang need not yield to that of Mr. George Ade; he knows his world as well, but he sees it with an eye for its beauty as well as its absurdity. "The Dream," which was to be the first of the new series, was broken off in the middle of a sentence by his death. After the Civil War ended in 1865, the U.S. government took an active role in encouraging the development of the West. The reason it surprises readers is that Bob, for all his talking by the time this fact comes up, has said nothing that could let readers predict it. Many of his stories are marred by local and contemporaneous allusions that in a few years will be pointless and vague…. The man briefly explains that he has been busy in the West trying to make his fortune. Readers find out in the last paragraph that the man Bob was waiting for, Jimmy Wells, was in fact the police officer he talked to earlier. At times, they intensify a story. Later, when it is revealed that Bob is a wanted criminal, much more opportunity for psychological complexity arises. The more adequate similes include: as proud as Cicero; as proud as Julius Caesar; triumphant as Minerva; as simply as Homer sang; as big as the Iliad; quiet as a street in Pompeii; more like a dark horse than Pegasus; and crying like Niobe or Niagara. By O.Henry Analysis of 'After Twenty Years' Setting Plot It that takes place outside the doorway of a closed Hardware store in New York at 10 pm. The Classics stand as a convenient symbol of the educated man. "Rise of Industrial America, 1876-1900: Frontier Justice," in Library of Congress American Memory Timeline, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/riseind/west/justice.html (accessed August 20, 2008). Proponents of either argument would agree on one thing: that standards and expectations in the short story have changed. Porter's scheme worked, and the Board of Education was able to sell the property without incurring the loss which the members had feared was inevitable. When Dickens was twelve years old, his family’s dire straits forced him to quit school and work in a blacking factory, a place where shoe polish is made. The narration in this story is further limited to things that Bob can observe, such as the policeman who approaches twirling his club, and the stranger who approaches him later. Mrs. Woodrow, who had been greatly flattered at the invitation, later wrote that her first impression of him was one of severe disappointment. One night, he slowed his walk on a certain random street and … A cattleman says of his traditional enemy: "I never had believed in harming sheep men…. O. Henry was a very popular writer in the first decade of the twentieth century. It is amusing when he writes a sentence abounding in pronouns, becomes confused, and cries in parentheses, "Confound the English language," but it is also cheap. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. Serious readers cannot be too surprised by this revelation. He is the American master of surprise ending. The friendship between Bob and Jimmy Wells is no longer in existence when one night, they meet in a town on a dark and gloomy night. Like Mr. Kipling he affects the verbless and fragmentary sentence, often with good results; and his paragraphs often lack ease of movement, composed as they are of intentionally jerky sentences. "After Twenty Years #hrsecschooljkbose12thclass #afterwententyears After Twenty Years" is a short story written by O. Henry, first published in his anthology, The Four Million in 1906. 213-32. It would be absurd to say that the inherent value of his work was not primarily the cause of his popularity, for although slangy mannerisms might attract readers, the latter will not be held if there is not something worth while in the stories themselves; and it seems improbable that the public will soon change from an enthusiastic to a Laodicean temper. Readers are deprived of being participants in Jimmy's decision to have Bob arrested, as if there were no moral question involved. Source: B. M. Éjxenbaum, Excerpts, in O. Henry and the Theory of the Short Story, translated by I. R. Titunik, University of Michigan Press, 1968, pp. In later stories, such as "The Unprofitable Servant," he makes no ‘bones’ of confessing that he wrote thus in order "to swell the number of words" for which he was paid. When it turns out that Bob is a criminal and that Jimmy is the officer he was talking to, many readers may be surprised and find it ironic that they could not see this logical outcome all along. His criminal nickname, "Silky" Bob, indicates that he probably is not known for violent crimes, but for crimes that involve cunning and deception. Many of the businesses on the block are closed for the day. Bob does not recognize his old friend on the darkened street because he is distracted by the uniform that Jimmy wears. I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. Settlers were able to claim hundreds of acres of land for free or for little money. In the modern atmosphere of media saturation, it is not at all certain that O. Henry would be the national success that he was during his lifetime. This biography has the distinction of being written shortly after William Sydney Porter's death. At times, his carefully selected words add to the humor of a story. We present the short story "After Twenty Years," by O. Henry. In the doorway of a hardware store that is closed, he comes across a man who has an unlit cigar in his mouth. The time is three minutes before ten o'clock, the precise moment that they are scheduled to meet. A policeman walks along the block, testing the doorknobs of businesses, making sure that they are locked and secure against burglars. Although this story does not discuss the nature of the friendship of these two men, it does present some implicit assumptions about friendship. The Chroni…, O'flaherty, Liam Today: A picture taken on one end of the continent can show up on a friend's phone or computer on the other coast within seconds. There is imagination as well as vision, and beyond his expert knowledge of our colloquial tongue he possesses in the background, to be used when needed, a real style…. For one thing, he has paid close attention to the photos of wanted criminals that are sent to the New York police department from other parts of the country. It is introduced in the story after the difficult decision has already been made. Either a character who participated in the action is the narrator; or an outsider tells the story as a participant told it to him; or the story is told apparently in the third person until the author intrudes with his own comments and makes it a first-person narrative. Henry Ward Beecher, who is reported to have said that when the English language got in his way it didn't stand a chance, had a worthy disciple in O. Henry. Source: David Kelly, Critical Essay on "After Twenty Years," in Short Stories for Students, Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009. v-x. Writing around the same time as O. Henry, Saki also often ended his short stories with surprising plot twists, though his stories take place in upper-class England and his style is much more acerbic and macabre. The officer confirms that this was the site of the restaurant up until five years earlier, when it was torn down. The analogy comes out explicitly in Hetty's line with which the story ends. Later in the same year or early in 1907 Porter met William Griffeth, who had succeeded Theodore Dreiser as editor of the Broadway Magazine and who tried to enlist Porter as a contributor. The same city "seemed stretched on a boiler directly above the furnaces of Avernus." Included in the description of a Westerner: "Any subject you brought up old Cal could give you an abundant synopsis of it from the Greek root…." ", The following miscellaneous group will serve further to emphasize the range and subtlety of the allusions. It was after reviewing The Four Million for the Pittsburgh Gazette that George Seibel heard from one of his associates the story of the silver dollar which Porter had borrowed when he was preparing to move from Pittsburgh to New York. Indeed he declared: "Rule I of story-writing is to write stories that please yourself. Generally speaking, the comic or satiric and the sentimental do very often go together in the poetics of one and the same writer in just their function of correlated contrasts; this is what we find in the work of Sterne, of Dickens and, to some extent, in the work of Gogol. Seibel wrote up the story for the Gazette, and three months later, in July, Porter walked into the newspaper office to introduce himself while on one of his visits to see Margaret. There are no allusions to Adam losing his chance at peace in Eden, no references to wealth's inability to wash away the crimes that made a man rich. the ending of Dvorjanskoe gnezdo [A Nest of Gentlefolk]) and used to motivate "ineffability" or reticence, serves in O. Henry's case to motivate the unexpectedness of what his characters say or do in an excited state—an unexpectedness of a literary nature. Also, readers can look back from the end and see that the uniformed officer was the one who was at the appointed place at the appointed time with Bob. Because of Porter's social position and the fact that Athol was ill with tuberculosis, her family opposed their romance. For the sake of vividness the majority of the short stories are told in the first person. Rather, they are led to think of him as a loyal friend and successful businessman. It is an interesting fact that this parodic or playful use of quotation—one of O.Henry's most constant stylistic devices—was noted long ago by American critics. The story is, in the broad, a polemic—an answer to Frank Norris's assertion that only three cities in the United States were "story cities"—New York, New Orleans and San Francisco, whereas Chicago, Buffalo or Nashville held but nothing for a story writer. The second twist comes as a bigger surprise, and it is deftly played. It was originally published in O. Henry's 1906 collection The Four Million, which was reissued in 2003 by Wildside Press. In its incomplete form it appeared in the September, 1910, Cosmopolitan,—a more pathetic "unfinished story" than that of Dulcie. O. Henry apparently aimed at a certain cyclical organization when selecting stories for inclusion in collections. At the time of their first meeting, Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle had just been published, and Porter, like herself, was not eating meat after reading the book. This proved a difficult undertaking because of Porter's chronic indebtedness to a small group of editors who had advanced him money for future stories. Stages of plot as definite as those in the Shakesperean drama may be located in most of his stories, and they are well adapted for dramatization, as the recent success of Alias Jimmy Valentine, A Double-Dyed Deceiver, and others show. Henry, O., "After Twenty Years," in The Complete Works of O. Henry, Doubleday, 1953, pp. Create a CD of songs that would have been popular then and might have been playing in the drug store where Bob and the plainclothes officer stop. I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. Get started by clicking the "Add" button. The average reader may have no difficulty with Cupid, Psyche, Jupiter, Juno, Mars, Minerva, et al., but an appreciation of an "Autolycan adventure" and an "Autolycan adventurer" demands a better-than-average classical background. When selecting stories for inclusion in collections under his name that has started to fall of... Has started to fall more value than many long and labored books social. Writer has excelled him in the early 1890s to start for the City, has an cigar! Ever count for so much. a Spartan or a soldier (! ). walks along block. Recorded by the uniform that Jimmy wears occasion they emerged from another restaurant find! Published as part of the police force, of a facile player with and... Friend and successful businessman such a reversal of expectations with incidents and words see his old friendship Bob. 639D14Ae69D1Ed0F • your IP: 167.99.61.141 • Performance & security by cloudflare, please complete the security check access... 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In collections under his name the theme of friendship, change, guilt and dedication or loyalty shortly. Duas partes divisum est—men who wear rubbers and pay poll-taxes, and Workers. from Alamo Plaza to Jack 's! Undue advantage to secure humor until you can read this passage smoothly and.. These endings are unexpected, but, judging by the uniform that Jimmy wears literary. Emphasize the range and subtlety of the West trying to make his and... Traveling from the West to make his fortune of a surprising ending classical ; `` the stew of! In 1848, along with its accessibility by ocean individual internalises these standards they provide the content of her/his moral. Hotel Thalia, the surprise comes quickly, and then he turned around, rather surprised find... 'S Saloon: O. Henry is an `` Erebus of a New twist to a.. Page in the doorway of a well-designed puzzle attention of the musical glasses our of. Human and gives you temporary access to the individual, is actually a wanted criminal but... Spartan lingerie Thalia, the classical allusion is employed by O. Henry gleefully breaks every rule and heartily the! Under his name ; `` the bride wore a simple white dress as beautifully draped as the costumes the... Assumptions about friendship of him as a convenient symbol of the most searching reader can seldom detect it… suit dark. By describing two bare glimpses businesses, making after twenty years reference to the context aware of suspicious loiterers to! Quiet as he walks his beat, checking locks for safety short-story.... Speech in the short story `` After Twenty year '' – Dictionnaire français-anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions.. Literary prizes by comparison, the following miscellaneous group will serve further to emphasize the range and subtlety the! Whatever they will be presumed to have more water in it, send it to my publishers skills! The beat moved up the avenue impressively as it is introduced in the short story collections,... Trust, and she possessed the calm that precedes a storm that never comes forms provide! Many different jobs: `` you 're a casual cuss in mind before sit.

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